The Zander is very similar in body form and coloration to its closest relative, the walleye, of North America. It is a slender fish with a pointed snout and a mouth with large, fang-like teeth. In large fish the upper jaw extends well beyond the center of the eye. The first and second dorsal fins are separate and both the dorsal and caudal fins have dark spots. The dark elongated spots on the dorsal fins form broken stripes. Color varies from greenish-gray to brown on the back and sides become lighter on the lower sides and white on the belly.

The Zander is a predatory species most abundant in large lakes and lowland rivers, preferring cloudy water and avoiding weed-beds. It hunts most actively at dawn and dusk, remaining inactive at other times, usually close to the bottom. While young Zanders are found in small schools with larger individuals becoming solitary.

The Zanders are not spectacular fighters, but due to their ability to offer a dogged resistance, they are valuable sporting fish. Methods of fishing similar to those used for northern pike by with lighter tackle. Most anglers freeline or ledger live or dead baits. Others find float fishing or using lures effective. In inland Europe, the Zander is an important food fish.